Tarihin ɗan adam wani lokaci yana jujjuyawa ba zato ba tsammani, wani lokacin a hankali.Farkon 2020 ya yi kama da ba zato ba tsammani.Sauyin yanayi ya zama gaskiya ta yau da kullun, tare da fari da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, raƙuman zafi da ambaliya da suka mamaye duniya.Yunkurin mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine ya karya kusan shekaru 80 na mutunta kan iyakokin da aka amince da shi, kuma ya yi barazana ga fadada kasuwancin da wannan girmamawa ta ba da damar.Yakin ya takaita jigilar hatsi da taki da aka dade ana yi da su, wanda ke barazana ga yunwa ga daruruwan miliyoyin mutanen da ke nesa da rikicin.Haɓaka jita-jita tsakanin China da Amurka game da Taiwan ya ɗaga kallon rikicin kasa da kasa da ka iya yin muni.

Waɗannan manyan sauye-sauye sun ƙara damuwa, amma kuma sun buɗe dama, a cikin ɓangaren tattalin arziƙin da aka yi watsi da su cikin sauƙi a cikin lokutan da ba su da ƙarfi: kayayyaki, musamman karafa da kayan abinci.Da alama duniya ta haɗu a ƙarshe kan gaggawar ƙananan fasahar carbon kamar motocin lantarki (EVs) da makamashi mai sabuntawa, amma da kyar ta amince da babban wadatar karafa da za a buƙata.Ana danganta hakar ma'adinai fiye da lalata ƙasa fiye da ceton ta-tare da yin amfani da ƙarfin aikinta da lalata al'ummomin da ke kewaye da su-duk da haka buƙatar jan karfe, tushen mil mil na sabbin wayoyi "kore", zai ninka ta 2035, masu bincike a S&P Global sun annabta. ."Sai dai idan babban sabon wadata ya zo kan layi a kan lokaci," in ji sun yi gargaɗin, "maƙasudin fitar da sifili ba zai iya isa ba."

Tare da abinci, batun ba ya canzawa cikin buƙata, amma wadata.Fari a wasu yankuna masu girma da kuma tasirin yaki-ciki har da shinge-a wasu sun jefa kasuwancin abinci a duniya cikin rudani.Hukumar kula da albarkatu ta duniya ta yi gargadin cewa yawan ruwan sama maras kyau zai iya rage yawan amfanin gona da kasar Sin ke samu kan muhimman amfanin gona da kashi 8 cikin dari nan da shekarar 2030.Abubuwan da ake samu a duniya na iya faɗuwa da kashi 30% a tsakiyar ƙarni "ba tare da ingantaccen daidaitawa ba," Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gano.

Ingantacciyar Haɗin kai

Masu hakar ma'adinai da ngos da ke sa ido a kansu suma suna ci gaba da yin hadin gwiwa, sakamakon karuwar damuwar abokan ciniki game da dorewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki."An sami babban canji a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata a cikin kamfanonin da ke siyan kayan hako ma'adinai," in ji Aimee Boulanger, babban darektan Cibiyar Tabbatar da Ma'adinan Ma'adinai (IRMA) na tushen Seattle."Masu kera motoci, masu kayan ado, masu samar da wutar lantarki suna tambayar abin da masu fafutuka kuma suke so: ƙarancin lahani a cikin aikin hakar."IRMA tana duba ma'adanai goma sha biyu a duniya saboda tasirinsu akan muhalli, al'ummomi da ma'aikata.

Anglo American shine abokin haɗin gwiwarsu na jagora, da son rai yana sanya wurare bakwai ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa mai dorewa, daga nickel a Brazil zuwa karafa na rukunin platinum a Zimbabwe.Har ila yau Boulanger ta jaddada aikinta tare da ƙwararrun 'yan uwanta biyu a cikin hakar lithium, SQM da Albermarle.Rushewar ruwan da waɗannan kamfanoni ke yi a cikin babban hamadar Chile ya jawo mummunar yaɗuwa, amma ya sanya matasan masana'antar cikin neman ingantattun hanyoyi, in ji ta."Wadannan ƙananan kamfanoni, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin yin abin da ba a taɓa yi ba, sun fahimci gaggawar lokacin," in ji Boulanger.

Aikin noma yana da raguwa kamar yadda ake sarrafa ma'adinai.Wannan yana sa haɓaka samar da abinci da wahala da sauƙi.Yana da wahala saboda babu wani kwamitin gudanarwa da zai iya tattara kuɗi da fasaha na haɓaka amfanin gona don gonakin iyali kusan miliyan 500 na duniya.Yana da sauƙi saboda ci gaba na iya zuwa cikin ƙananan matakai, ta hanyar gwaji-da-kuskure, ba tare da fitar da biliyoyin daloli ba.

Hardier, tsaba da aka gyara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta da sauran sabbin abubuwa suna ci gaba da haɓaka samarwa, in ji Gro Intelligence's Haines.Girbin alkama a duniya ya karu da kashi 12 cikin 100 a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, shinkafa da kashi 8% - kusan daidai da karuwar kashi 9% na yawan al'ummar duniya.

Yanayi da yaƙe-yaƙe duk suna barazanar wannan ma'auni mai wuyar samun nasara, haɗarin da ke ƙara girma ta hanyar ɗimbin yawa waɗanda suka samo asali a cikin (fiye ko ƙasa da haka) duniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci.Rasha da Ukraine, kamar yadda muka sani a yanzu, suna da kusan kashi 30% na fitar da alkama a duniya.Manyan masu fitar da shinkafa uku - Indiya, Vietnam da Thailand - sun dauki kashi biyu bisa uku na kasuwa.Ba zai yi yuwuwa kokarin mayar da yankin ya yi nisa ba, a cewar Haines."Amfani da yawan fili don samar da amfanin gona kaɗan, wannan ba wani abu ba ne da muka gani tukuna," in ji shi.

Wata hanya ko wata, kasuwanci, masu zuba jari da sauran jama'a za su ɗauki kayan da ba na mai ba da yawa don ci gaba.Samar da abinci da tsadar kayayyaki na iya yin motsi sosai saboda dalilai da suka wuce ikonmu (na ɗan gajeren lokaci).Samar da karafa da muke buƙata shine mafi zaɓi na zamantakewa, amma ɗayan duniya yana nuna alamar fuskantar.Wood MacKenzie's Kettle ya ce "Al'umma na buƙatar yanke shawarar ko wane guba ne take so, kuma su sami kwanciyar hankali da ƙarin ma'adanai.""A yanzu haka al'umma tana munafunci."

Wataƙila duniya za ta daidaita, kamar yadda take a da, amma ba cikin sauƙi ba."Wannan ba zai zama sauyi sosai ba," in ji Miller Benchmark Intelligence's Miller."Zai kasance tafiya mai ban tsoro da tashin hankali a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa."