ʻO ka moʻolelo kanaka i kekahi manawa e neʻe koke, i kekahi manawa maʻalahi.ʻO ka mua o 2020s ke nānā aku nei e hikiwawe.Ua lilo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau i mea ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia lā, me nā maloʻo i ʻike ʻole ʻia, nā nalu wela a me nā waikahe e uhi ana i ka honua.ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Rūsia ma Ukraine ua haki ʻo ia ma kahi o 80 mau makahiki o ka mahalo i nā palena i ʻike ʻia, a hoʻoweliweli i ke kālepa i hoʻonui nui ʻia i hiki ai i kēlā mahalo.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kaua i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka palaoa a me nā mea kanu i lawe ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka pōloli no nā haneli miliona o ka poʻe mamao loa mai ka hakakā.ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōhumu ma waena o Kina a me ʻAmelika ma luna o Taiwan e hoʻonui i ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi pilikia honua e ʻoi aku ka ʻino.

Ua hoʻonui kēia mau hoʻololi nui i ka hopohopo, akā ua wehe pū kekahi i nā manawa kūpono, i loko o kahi ʻoihana waiwai i maʻalahi i ka nānā ʻole ʻia i nā manawa liʻiliʻi: nā waiwai, nā metala a me nā meaʻai.Me he mea lā ua hui pū ka honua i ka wikiwiki o nā ʻenehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me nā kaʻa uila (EVs) a me ka ikehu hou, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaopopo i ka lako nui o nā metala e pono ai.ʻOi aku ka pili o ka mining me ka luku ʻana i ka honua ma mua o ka hoʻopakele ʻana-me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna pūʻali hana a me ka luku ʻana i nā kaiāulu a puni-akā e koi ʻia ke keleawe, ke kumu no nā mile i ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā uea "'ōmaʻomaʻo" hou, e pālua ʻia e 2035, wānana nā mea noiʻi ma S&P Global. ."Inā ʻaʻole hiki mai ka lako hou i ka pūnaewele i ka manawa kūpono," ʻōlelo lākou, "e mau ka pahuhopu o ka net-zero emissions."

Me ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole loli ka pilikia i ka noi, akā hāʻawi.ʻO ka maloʻo ma kekahi mau ʻāina ulu nui a me nā hopena kaua - me nā poloka - i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i hoʻolei i ke kālepa meaʻai honua i ka haunaele.ʻO ka nui o ka ua hiki ke hōʻoki i nā hua o Kina ma nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi 8% e 2030, ʻōlelo ka World Resources Institute.Hiki i nā hua honua ke hāʻule i ka 30% ma waena o ke kenekulia "me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana," i ʻike ʻia e United Nations.

Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka launa pū ʻana

Ke neʻe nei nā miners a me nā ngos e nānā iā lākou i ka launa pū ʻana, i koi ʻia e ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i nā kaulahao lako hoʻomau."He loli nui i loko o nā makahiki ʻelua i hala aku nei i nā hui e kūʻai ana i nā mea eli ʻia," wahi a Aimee Boulanger, ka luna hoʻokele o ka Seattle-based Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA)."Ke noi nei nā mea hana kaʻa, nā mea waiwai, nā mea hana makani i nā mea a ka poʻe hoʻolaha e makemake ai: ʻoi aku ka pōʻino i ke kaʻina hana."Ke hoʻopaʻa nei ʻo IRMA i ʻumi mau mines a puni ka honua no ko lākou hopena i ke kaiapuni a puni, nā kaiāulu a me nā limahana.

ʻO Anglo ʻAmelika ko lākou hoa hui alakaʻi, me ka waiho ʻana i ʻehiku mau hale hana ma lalo o ka microscope hoʻomau, mai ka nickel ma Brazil a hiki i nā metala hui platinum ma Zimbabwe.Hoʻopuka pū ʻo Boulanger i kāna hana me nā pilikua pili ʻelua i ka hoʻoiho lithium, SQM a me Albermarle.ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka wai e kēia mau ʻoihana "brine" hana ma ka wao nahele kiʻekiʻe o Chile ua hoʻolaha maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, akā ua hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻoihana ʻōpio i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala maikaʻi, wahi āna."ʻO kēia mau hui liʻiliʻi, e hoʻāʻo nei e hana i nā mea i hana ʻole ʻia ma mua, ʻike i ka wikiwiki o ka manawa," wahi a Boulanger.

ʻO ka mahiʻai e like me ka decentralized e like me ke kikowaena o ka mining.ʻO ia ka mea paʻakikī a maʻalahi hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka meaʻai.ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kahi papa alakaʻi ke hoʻolalelale i ke kālā a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻenehana no ka honua ma kahi o 500 miliona mau mahiʻai ʻohana.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi no ka mea hiki ke holomua ma nā ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi, ma ka hoʻāʻo-a-hewa, me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kālā kālā he nui.

ʻO nā hua paʻakikī, genetically modified a me nā mea hou aʻe e hoʻomau i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana, wahi a Gro Intelligence's Haines.Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻohi palaoa honua ma 12% i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala, ʻo ka laiki ma ka 8%—e like me ka 9% o ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka.

Hoʻoweliweli ka lewa a me ke kaua i kēia kaulike paʻakikī, nā pōʻino i hoʻonui ʻia e nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ulu aʻe i loko o kahi honua kālepa manuahi.ʻO Rūsia a me Ukraine, e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei i kēia manawa, e helu ana ma kahi o 30% o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka palaoa honua.ʻO nā mea kūʻai laiki ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe - ʻo India, Vietnam a me Thailand - lawe i ʻelua hapakolu o ka mākeke.ʻAʻole hiki ke hele mamao aku nā hana kūloko, e like me ka Haines."ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hoʻohua i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ia he mea a mākou i ʻike ai," wahi āna.

ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻoihana, nā mea hoʻopukapuka a me ka lehulehu i nā waiwai ʻole o ka aila no ka hele ʻana i mua.Hiki ke loli nui ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā kumukūʻai no nā kumu ma waho o kā mākou mana (manawa pōkole).ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā metala a mākou e pono ai he koho kaiapili, akā hoʻokahi ka honua e hōʻike i kahi hōʻailona liʻiliʻi o ke alo."Pono ka hui e hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa e makemake ai, a e ʻoluʻolu me nā mines hou aʻe," wahi a Wood MacKenzie's Kettle."I kēia manawa he hoʻokamani ka lehulehu."

E hoʻololi paha ka honua, e like me ia ma mua, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi."ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻololi maikaʻi loa," wahi a Miller Benchmark Intelligence's Miller."E lilo ana ia i kahi kaʻa pōhaku a me ka puʻupuʻu no nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana."