Ke lohi nei ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua a hiki ke hopena i ka hoʻoiho ʻana.
ʻO ʻOkakopa i hala aku nei, ua wānana ka International Monetary Fund (IMF) e ulu ka hoʻokele honua i ka 4.9% i 2022. Ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki i hōʻailona ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi, he hōʻailona hoʻokipa ia o ka hoʻi lohi ʻana i ka maʻamau.I loko o kāna hōʻike ʻelua makahiki, ua hōʻeha ka IMF i kekahi mau manaʻo manaʻo maikaʻi, e kuhikuhi ana ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi maʻi, pēlā nō - ʻoiai ʻaʻole like ʻole ma nā wahi āpau - ka hoʻihoʻi kālā.
ʻEono mahina ma hope mai, ua hoʻoponopono hou ka IMF i kāna mau wānana: ʻaʻole, ʻōlelo ʻia, i kēia makahiki e ulu wale ka ʻoihana i 3.6%.ʻO ka ʻoki—1.3 mau helu ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka wānana mua a ʻo kekahi o ka waihona kālā nui loa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia—no ka hapa nui o ke kaua ma Ukraine.
"Ke hoʻolaha nei nā hopena waiwai o ke kaua i kahi lōʻihi a ākea-e like me nā hawewe seismic e puka mai ana mai ka epicenter o kahi ōlaʻi - ma o nā mākeke kūʻai, kālepa, a me nā pilina kālā," i kākau ai ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Research, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, ma ka ʻōlelo mua i ka puka o ʻApelila o ka World Economic Outlook."No ka mea, ʻo Rūsia ka mea hoʻolako nui i ka aila, gas, a me nā metala, a me Ukraine, o ka palaoa a me ka kulina, ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana a me ka manaʻo o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia mau mea kūʻai aku ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe nui i kā lākou kumukūʻai.ʻO ʻEulopa, Caucasus a me Central Asia, Middle East a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau, a me sub-Saharan Africa ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia.ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai meaʻai a me ka wahie e hōʻeha i nā ʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa-me nā ʻAmelika a me ʻAsia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo - ʻoluʻolu o ka geopolitical a me ke kālepa kālepa - ke hahai nei ka ʻoihana honua i kahi ala i lalo ma mua o ke kaua a me ka maʻi maʻi.I ka makahiki 2019, he mau mahina wale nō ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana o Covid-19 i ke ola e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ka luna hoʻomalu o ka IMF, ʻo Kristalina Georgieva: "ʻElua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻoihana honua.Ana ʻia e GDP, kokoke i ka 75% o ka honua e wikiwiki nei.I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoihana honua e neʻe nei i ka sync.Akā naʻe, ke emi nei ka ulu ʻana o kēia manawa.ʻO ka pololei, ma 2019 ke manaʻo nei mākou e ulu mālie ma kahi o 90% o ka honua.
Ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokele waiwai i kekahi poʻe ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka like ʻole e ka maʻi maʻi.Ke māhuahua nei nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole ma waena o nā lāhui a me nā ʻāina e kū mai ana.
Ua nānā ka IMF i ka hana hoʻokele waiwai ma nā ʻāina holomua i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ʻike ʻia ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻokoʻa subnational mai ka hopena o 1980s.Ke hoʻomau nei kēia mau āpau i ka GDP per-capita, e hoʻonui ana i ka manawa a hiki ke ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻāina.
I ka wā e pili ana i nā ʻoihana i nā ʻāina ʻilihune, hōʻike lākou āpau i nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻokau iā lākou i kahi pōʻino koʻikoʻi i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi pilikia.ʻAʻole lākou i kuaʻāina, ʻaʻole i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia a loea i nā ʻāpana kuʻuna e like me ka mahiʻai, ka hana ʻana a me ka mining, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūlanakauhale, hoʻonaʻauao a loea i nā ʻoihana lawelawe ulu huahana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka ʻenehana ʻike, kālā a me nā kamaʻilio.ʻOi aku ka lohi o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā haʻalulu ʻino a ua lōʻihi ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana hoʻokele waiwai, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hopena o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ʻē aʻe mai ka nui o ka hana ʻole a me ka emi ʻana o ka pono pilikino.ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi a me ka pilikia meaʻai honua i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kaua ma Ukraine he hōʻike maopopo o ia.
Māhele | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 5-makahiki Avg.GDP% |
Honua | 3.6 | 2.9 | -3.1 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Hoʻokele waiwai holomua | 2.3 | 1.7 | -4.5 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 1.6 |
ʻāpana Euro | 1.8 | 1.6 | -6.4 | 5.3 | 2.8 | 1.0 |
ʻO nā ʻoihana hoʻokele waiwai nui (G7) | 2.1 | 1.6 | -4.9 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 1.4 |
ʻO nā hoʻokele waiwai kiʻekiʻe ma waho o G7 a me ka ʻāpana euro) | 2.8 | 2.0 | -1.8 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 2.2 |
Hui ʻEulopa | 2.2 | 2.0 | -5.9 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 1.3 |
Ke kū nei ka mākeke a me ka hoʻokele waiwai | 4.6 | 3.7 | -2.0 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 3.4 |
Huipuia o na Mokuaina Kuokoa | 6.4 | 5.3 | -0.8 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 4.7 |
Ke kū nei a me ka ulu ʻana o ʻEulopa | 3.4 | 2.5 | -1.8 | 6.7 | -2.9 | 1.6 |
ASEAN-5 | 5.4 | 4.9 | -3.4 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 3.1 |
ʻAmelika Latina a me ka Caribbean | 1.2 | 0.1 | -7.0 | 6.8 | 2.5 | 0.7 |
Hikina Waena a me Asia Waena | 2.7 | 2.2 | -2.9 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 2.4 |
ʻApelika Sub-Sahara | 3.3 | 3.1 | -1.7 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 2.6 |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-14-2022