Umlando womuntu ngezinye izikhathi ushintsha ngokuzumayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngobuqili.Ekuqaleni kuka-2020 kubukeka sengathi kungazelelwe.Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu sekuyinto engokoqobo yansuku zonke, nesomiso esingakaze sibonwe, amagagasi okushisa nezikhukhula ezikhukhula umhlaba wonke.Ukuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine kwephule iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-80 yokuhlonipha imingcele eyaziwayo, futhi kwasongela uhwebo olwanwetshwa kakhulu lokho kuhlonipha.Impi yanciphisa ukuthunyelwa kokusanhlamvu nomanyolo isikhathi eside okwathathwa kalula, kwasongela indlala emakhulwini ezigidi zabantu abakude nengxabano.Ukwanda kwezinkulumo phakathi kwe-China ne-US mayelana ne-Taiwan kuphakamisa umbono wenkinga yamazwe ngamazwe okungenzeka ibe yimbi nakakhulu.

Lezi zinguquko ezinkulu ziye zanda izinkathazo, kodwa futhi zavula amathuba, emkhakheni wezomnotho ongenatshwa kalula ezikhathini ezingaguquki kakhulu: impahla, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi nokudla.Umhlaba ubonakala ekugcineni ubumbene ekuphuthumeni kobuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephansi njengezimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) namandla avuselelekayo, kodwa awukuvumanga ukutholakala kwensimbi okukhulu kakhulu okuzodingeka.Izimayini zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokucekela phansi umhlaba kunokuwusindisa—kanye nokuxhaphaza amandla ayo okusebenza nokucekela phansi imiphakathi ezungezile—kodwa isidingo sethusi, isisekelo samamayela angenakulinganiswa ezintambo ezintsha “eziluhlaza”, sizophindeka kabili ngo-2035, abacwaningi bakwa-S&P Global babikezela. .Bayaxwayisa: “Ngaphandle kwalapho izinto eziningi ezintsha zifika ku-inthanethi ngesikhathi esifanele, umgomo wokukhishwa kwe-net-zero ngeke ufinyelelwe.”

Ngokudla, inkinga ayishintshi ekufuneni, kodwa ukuhlinzeka.Isomiso kwezinye izifunda ezibalulekile ezikhulayo kanye nemithelela yempi—okuhlanganisa nokuvinjelwa—kwezinye kubangele ukuhwebelana kokudla emhlabeni wonke kwaba nezinxushunxushu.Ukuna kwemvula eshintshashintshayo ngokwandayo kunganciphisa isivuno saseShayina ezitshalweni ezibalulekile ngo-8% ngo-2030, kuxwayisa i-World Resources Institute.Isivuno somhlaba wonke singase sehle ngama-30% phakathi nekhulu leminyaka "ngaphandle kokujwayela okusebenzayo," i-United Nations ithole.

Ukubambisana Okuthuthukisiwe

Abavukuzi kanye nama-ngos ababaqaphayo nabo baqhubekela ekusebenzisaneni, bephushwa ukukhathazeka okukhulayo kwamakhasimende mayelana namaketanga okuhlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo.“Kube noshintsho olukhulu kule minyaka emibili edlule ezinkampanini ezithenga izinto ezimbiwa phansi,” kusho u-Aimee Boulanger, umqondisi omkhulu we-Seattle-based Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA)."Abenzi bezimoto, abenzi bobucwebe, abakhiqizi bamandla omoya bacela ukuthi yini abakhankasi abayifunayo: ukulimala okuncane ohlelweni lokukhipha."I-IRMA icwaninga izimayini eziyishumi nambili emhlabeni jikelele ngomthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile, imiphakathi kanye nabasebenzi.

I-Anglo American inguphathina wabo ohamba phambili ebhizinisini, ngokuzithandela ibeka izikhungo eziyisikhombisa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu esiqhubekayo, kusukela ku-nickel eBrazil kuya ezinsimbi ze-platinum eZimbabwe.U-Boulanger uphinde agcizelele umsebenzi wakhe nezikhondlakhondla ezimbili ezihlobene ekukhishweni kwe-lithium, i-SQM ne-Albermarle.Ukuncipha kwamanzi ngenxa yemisebenzi yalezi zinkampani "yamanzi" ogwadule oluphakeme lwaseChile kudonsele abantu abaningi, kodwa kwanyakazisa imboni entsha ukuthi ifune izindlela ezingcono, uphikisana naye."Lezi zinkampani ezincane, ezizama ukwenza okungakaze kwenziwe ngaphambilini, ziyakubona ukuphuthuma kwalesi sikhathi," kusho uBoulanger.

Ezolimo zihlukaniselwe abantu abaningi njengoba izimayini zibekwe endaweni eyodwa.Lokho kwenza ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kokudla kube nzima futhi kube lula.Kunzima kakhulu ngoba alikho ibhodi labaqondisi elingahlanganisa ezezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa isivuno emapulazini omndeni acishe abe izigidi ezingu-500 emhlabeni.Kulula ngoba inqubekelaphambili ingeza ngezinyathelo ezincane, ngokuzama nangephutha, ngaphandle kwezindleko zezigidigidi zamadola.

I-Hardier, imbewu eshintshwe izakhi kanye nokunye okusha kugcina ukukhiqizwa kukhuphuka kancane, kusho uHaines we-Gro Intelligence.Ukuvunwa kukakolweni emhlabeni wonke kunyuke ngo-12% kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, irayisi ngo-8%—okucishe kuhambisane nokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni ngo-9%.

Isimo sezulu nempi kokubili kusongela lokhu kulingana okuzuzwe kanzima, izingozi ezikhuliswa ukugxila okuphezulu okuvele emhlabeni (ongaphezulu noma ngaphansi) wokuhweba mahhala.I-Russia ne-Ukraine, njengoba sonke sazi kahle manje, yenza cishe ama-30% kakolweni othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.Abathengisi abathathu abaphezulu berayisi—i-India, iVietnam kanye neThailand—bathatha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zemakethe.Imizamo yendawo mancane amathuba okuthi ifike kude, ngokusho kukaHaines.Uthi: “Ukusebenzisa insimu eningi ukuze kukhiqizwe izitshalo ezincane, leyo akuyona into esesiyibonile okwamanje.

Ngandlela thize, amabhizinisi, abatshalizimali kanye nomphakathi wonkana bazothatha izinto ezingezona zikawoyela njengento encane kakhulu ngokuya phambili.Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nezindleko zingashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezingaphezu kwamandla ethu (isikhashana).Ukukhiqiza izinsimbi esizidingayo kuwukukhetha komphakathi, kodwa izwe elibonisa uphawu oluncane lokubhekana nazo."Umphakathi udinga ukunquma ukuthi yimuphi ushevu owufunayo, futhi ukhululeke ngezimayini eziningi," kusho iKettle kaWood MacKenzie.“Njengamanje umphakathi unobuzenzisi.”

Izwe cishe liyozivumelanisa nezimo, njengoba lenza ngaphambili, kodwa hhayi kalula.“Lokhu ngeke kube wuguquko olushelela kakhulu,” kusho uMiller kaMiller Benchmark Intelligence."Kuzoba uhambo olunzima nolunzima kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo."