Ethintwe yizinto ezinjengokuqhubeka kwesidingo esinamandla sokuthuthwa kweziqukathi zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuvinjwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla okudalwe ukusabalala komhlaba wonke kwesifo esisha sobhubhane lwenyumoniya, ngonyaka odlule, ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semakethe yokuthumela iziqukathi yamazwe ngamazwe kwakungalingani. umthamo wemikhumbi yamabhokisi wawuqinile, futhi amanani entengo yezixhumanisi ezihlukahlukene ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yasolwandle ayekhuphuka.Kuzoba yini ukuthambekela kwemakethe yemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuzayo?Ingabe amanani azoqhubeka “enyuka njengohlanya”?

Ukungalingani kokuhlinzekwa kanye nokufunwa kunzima kakhulu ukukudambisa.

Mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kweziqukathi ezingenalutho, iziqukathi ezinzima zezwe lami ezithumela kwamanye amazwe emizileni yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuvamile zinkulu kuneziqukathi ezinzima ezivela kwamanye amazwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe lami lahola ekulawuleni umqedazwe futhi lahola ekuqaliseni kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqiza.Inani elikhulu lezidingo zezimpahla laqala ukushintshela eChina, futhi isidingo seziqukathi ezingenalutho sakhula kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhamba kweziqukathi phesheya kwezilwandle akusheleli, futhi ukubuyiswa kweziqukathi ezingenalutho olwandle kwehlile, okubangele ukushoda kweziqukathi ezingenalutho.

Kodwa-ke, izwe lami yizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke ekwakhiweni kweziqukathi zemikhumbi.Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye neminye iminyango bebelokhu bexhumanisa amabhizinisi aseShayina akhiqiza ama-container ukuze andise ukuphuma kweziqukathi, kanti uMnyango Wezokuthutha uye waxhumanisa futhi wayala izinkampani zama-liner ukuthi zengeze ukubuya kweziqukathi ezingenalutho. kusuka emachwebeni aphesheya.Njengamanje, ukushoda kweziqukathi ezingenalutho emachwebeni ezwe lami sekuxazululiwe ngokuyisisekelo, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kwamabhokisi amasha kuqinisekiswe ngokwanele, okuye kwanciphisa umthelela emazingeni okuthutha impahla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igebe kumthamo wemikhumbi akulula kakhulu ukuligcwalisa.Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Alphaliner, inkampani yezokuthutha yamazwe ngamazwe, ekupheleni kuka-2021, isamba sesikhala samabhokisi emikhumbi yomhlaba wonke sasiyizigidi ezingu-24.97 zama-TEU, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-4.6%.Yonke imikhumbi etholakala emhlabeni wonke isifakwe emakethe, ngaphandle kokulungiswa nokugcinwa okufanele.Ngenxa yokunwebeka okuphansi kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla omkhumbi, ama-oda amasha emikhumbi ngokuvamile adinga umjikelezo wokwakha umkhumbi wezinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyi-18 ukuze ubekwe emakethe.Esimeni sokwanda kwesidingo, ukunikezwa akukwazi ukuzuza ukukhula okusheshayo.

Izinga lempahla lizohlala liphezulu.

Ikakhulukazi ngamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo ahwebelana namazwe angaphandle asebenzisa izinga lempahla emakethe yendawo.Endabeni yesikhala esiminyene, ezinye izinkampani ezithumela izimpahla zokuthutha ziye zenyusa kakhulu izindleko zokuthumela kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe zezinkampani zamalayini.Uma amazinga okuthunyelwa kwempahla engeziwe, ukwanda okukhulu.

Umuntu ophethe umnyango ofanele woMnyango Wezokuthutha uthe ngo-2022, isidingo semakethe yokuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuyisisekelo kuzogcina ukukhula okuhambisanayo, kodwa kukhona ukungaqiniseki ekuzinzeni nasekusheleleni kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe.Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ubhubhane olusha lwenyumoniya lusasabalala emhlabeni wonke, kanti ezinye ezinkulu phesheya kwezilwandle Alukho uphawu olusobala lokuthuthuka kwesiminyaminya sechweba.

Ukuminyana kwamanye amachweba amakhulu aphesheya kwezilwandle kuyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla zasolwandle emhlabeni jikelele.Kulindeleke ukuthi amanani okuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyna ahlale ephezulu engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka.Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, isimo sokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo semakethe yomhlaba wonke yokuthutha amabhokisi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe zaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokuminyana kwamachweba kuzoqhubeka nokunquma inkambiso yemakethe.

Yenza yonke imizamo ukuze uzinzise uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla.

Ngo-2022, uhwebo lwezwe lami lwangaphandle luzobhekana nezici eziningi ezingaqinisekile.Ukuzinzisa uhwebo lwangaphandle kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokushelela kochungechunge lwezimboni kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kusadinga imizamo ehlanganyelwe yayo yonke iminyango nezixhumanisi.Muva nje, umbiko okhishwe yi-Shanghai Shipping Exchange ubonisa ukuthi nakuba isimo sendawo yobhubhane ezweni lami sisanda kusabalala safinyelela amaphuzu amaningi, isimo esiwubhubhane ezweni lonke siyalawuleka, esisekela imakethe yokuthekelisa ukuthi iqhubeke nokugcina umkhuba omuhle. , futhi ishayela isiqukathi esiphuma emachwebeni ezwe lami ukuze sigcine izinga eliphezulu.Ngekota yokuqala, umthamo wezimpahla ezithwala impahla echwebeni likazwelonke kanye nokuphuma kwamakhonteyina kuqhubekile nokugcina ukukhula okuqhubekayo.