Amateka yumuntu rimwe na rimwe ahinduka mu buryo butunguranye, rimwe na rimwe mu buryo bwihishe.Intangiriro ya 2020 isa nkaho itunguranye.Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yabaye impamo ya buri munsi, hamwe n’amapfa atigeze abaho, imivumba y’ubushyuhe n’umwuzure bikwira isi yose.Igitero cy’Uburusiya muri Ukraine cyatesheje agaciro imyaka 80 yubahiriza imipaka yemewe, kandi kibangamira ubucuruzi bwagutse cyane ubwo buryo bwatumaga.Intambara yagabanije kohereza ingano n’ifumbire kuva kera, bikaba byugarije inzara abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni amagana kure y’amakimbirane.Ubwiyongere bw’imvururu hagati y’Ubushinwa na Amerika kuri Tayiwani bizamura ikibazo cy’ibibazo mpuzamahanga bishobora kuba bibi kurushaho.

Izi mpinduka nini zongereye impungenge, ariko kandi zifungura amahirwe, murwego rwubukungu rwirengagizwa byoroshye mugihe gito kidahungabana: ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane ibyuma nibiribwa.Isi isa nkaho yunze ubumwe byihutirwa byikoranabuhanga rya karubone yo hasi nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EVS) ningufu zishobora kuvugururwa, ariko ntirwigeze yemera ko umubare munini wibyuma bizakenerwa.Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bufitanye isano no kurimbura isi kuruta kuyizigama - hamwe no gukoresha imbaraga zayo no kwangiza abaturage baturanye - nyamara gusaba umuringa, ishingiro ry’ibirometero bitagira ingano by’insinga nshya “icyatsi”, bizikuba kabiri mu 2035, nk'uko abashakashatsi bo muri S&P Global babitangaza. .Baraburira bati: "Keretse niba ibintu byinshi bitangwa ku rubuga mu gihe gikwiye, intego yo kohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ntizagerwaho."

Hamwe nibiryo, ikibazo ntabwo gihinduka mubisabwa, ahubwo nibitangwa.Uruzuba mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw’iterambere n’ingaruka z’intambara, harimo no kuzitira - mu tundi turere twateje ubucuruzi bw’ibiribwa ku isi mu gihirahiro.Ikigo cy’isi gishinzwe umutungo kiburira ko imvura igenda yiyongera ishobora kugabanya umusaruro w’Ubushinwa ku bihingwa by’ibanze 8% mu 2030.Umuryango w’abibumbye wasanze umusaruro ku isi ushobora kugabanuka 30% mu kinyejana rwagati “utiriwe uhuza n'imihindagurikire myiza.”

Ubufatanye bunoze

Abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro na ngos babikurikirana nabo bagenda bagana ku bufatanye, bitewe n’abakiriya ba nyuma bahangayikishijwe n’iminyururu irambye.Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cya Seattle gishinzwe icyicaro gikuru cya Seattle (IRMA), Aimee Boulanger agira ati: "Mu myaka ibiri ishize habaye impinduka nini mu masosiyete agura ibikoresho byacukuwe."Ati: “Abakora amamodoka, abanyabutare, abakora amashanyarazi y’umuyaga barasaba icyo abakangurambaga na bo bifuza: ingaruka nke mu gikorwa cyo kuyikuramo.”IRMA irimo kugenzura ibirombe icumi ku isi kubera ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, abaturage ndetse n'abakozi.

Umunyamerika Anglo ni umufatanyabikorwa wabo wambere, ashyira kubushake ibikoresho birindwi munsi ya microscope irambye, kuva nikel muri Berezile kugeza ibyuma bya platine muri Zimbabwe.Boulanger ashimangira kandi akazi ke n’ibihangange bibiri bifitanye isano no gukuramo lithium, SQM na Albermarle.Kugabanuka kw'amazi n'ibikorwa bya “brine” by'amasosiyete mu butayu bwa Chili byatumye abantu bamenyekana nabi, ariko bituma inganda zikiri nto zishakisha inzira nziza, nk'uko abitangaza.Boulanger agira ati: "Aya masosiyete mato, agerageza gukora ibitigeze bikorwa mbere, amenya ko byihutirwa."

Ubuhinzi bwegerejwe abaturage nkuko ubucukuzi bwibanze.Ibyo bituma kongera umusaruro wibiribwa bigoye kandi byoroshye.Biragoye kuko nta nama yubuyobozi ishobora gukusanya imari n’ikoranabuhanga ryongera umusaruro ku mirima y’imiryango igera kuri miliyoni 500 ku isi.Biroroshye kuko iterambere rishobora kuza muntambwe nto, mugeragezwa-no-kwibeshya, nta miliyari y'amadorari yerekana.

Gro Intelligence's Haines ivuga ko Hardier, imbuto zahinduwe mu buryo bwa geneti ndetse n’ibindi bishya bituma umusaruro wiyongera.Umusaruro w'ingano ku isi wiyongereyeho 12% mu myaka icumi ishize, umuceri ku gipimo cya 8% - bikurikije ubwiyongere bw'abaturage 9% ku isi.

Ikirere nintambara byombi bibangamira ubwo buringanire bwatsinzwe, ibyago byatewe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwagiye buhinduka mu isi y’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye (burenze cyangwa buto).Uburusiya na Ukraine, nkuko twese tubizi neza, bingana na 30% byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.Ibicuruzwa bitatu bya mbere byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze - Ubuhinde, Vietnam na Tayilande - bifata bibiri bya gatatu by'isoko.Imbaraga zaho ntizishobora kugera kure nkuko Haines abitangaza.Agira ati: "Gukoresha ubutaka bwinshi kugirango utange umusaruro muke, ntabwo aricyo kintu twabonye."

Inzira imwe cyangwa ubundi, ubucuruzi, abashoramari nabaturage muri rusange bazafata ibicuruzwa bitari peteroli cyane ugereranije no kujya imbere.Umusaruro wibiribwa nibiciro birashobora guhinduka cyane kubwimpamvu zirenze ubushobozi bwacu (bwigihe gito).Gukora ibyuma dukeneye nibyinshi guhitamo imibereho, ariko imwe isi yerekana ikimenyetso gito cyo guhangana.Kettle ya Wood MacKenzie agira ati: "Sosiyete ikeneye guhitamo uburozi ishaka, kandi ikoroherwa n'ibirombe byinshi."Ati: “Kuri ubu sosiyete ni indyarya.”

Isi irashobora guhinduka, nkuko byari bimeze mbere, ariko ntibyoroshye.Miller Benchmark Intelligence's Miller agira ati: "Iyi ntabwo izaba inzibacyuho yoroshye."Ati: “Bizaba ari urugendo rutangaje kandi rutoroshye mu myaka icumi iri imbere.”