Imbali yoluntu ngamanye amaxesha itshintsha ngesiquphe, ngamanye amaxesha ngobuchule.Ekuqaleni kuka-2020 kubonakala ngathi kunqabile.Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kube yinyani yemihla ngemihla, kukho imbalela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili, amaza obushushu kunye nezikhukula ezitshayela umhlaba.Ukuhlasela kweRussia eUkraine kwaphula phantse iminyaka engama-80 yentlonipho kwimida evunyiweyo, kwaye kwasongela urhwebo olwandisiweyo olwathi lwavumela loo ntlonipho.Imfazwe yathintela ukuthunyelwa kokutya okuziinkozo kunye nesichumisi ekudala kuthatyathwe lula, isoyikisa indlala kumakhulu ezigidi zabantu abakude nongquzulwano.Ukonyuka kwamarhe phakathi kwe-China kunye ne-US malunga ne-Taiwan kuphakamisa imeko yengxaki yamazwe ngamazwe enokuba mandundu ngakumbi.

Ezi nguqu zinkulu ziye zandisa amaxhala, kodwa zikwavule amathuba, kwicandelo lezoqoqosho elingahoywa ngokulula kumaxesha angaguquguqukiyo: imveliso, ngokukodwa isinyithi kunye nokutya.Ihlabathi libonakala limanyene ekugqibeleni kungxamiseko lwetekhnoloji yekhabhoni esezantsi njengezithuthi zombane (EVs) kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo, kodwa alikhange livume unikezelo olukhulu kakhulu lwesinyithi oluya kufuneka.Ukumbiwa kwemigodi kudityaniswa ngakumbi nokutshabalalisa umhlaba kunokuwusindisa-kunye nokuxhaphaza amandla abo okusebenza kunye nokutshabalalisa uluntu olujikelezileyo-kodwa imfuno yobhedu, isiseko seekhilomitha ezingenakulinganiswa ze-wiring entsha "eluhlaza", iya kuphinda kabini ngo-2035, abaphandi be-S & P Global baxela kwangaphambili. .Balumkisa ngelithi: “Ngaphandle kokuba izinto ezininzi ezintsha ziza kwi-intanethi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, injongo yokukhutshwa kwe-net-zero iya kuhlala ingafikeleleki.

Ngokutya, umcimbi awutshintshi kwimfuno, kodwa ukubonelela.Imbalela kweminye imimandla engundoqo ekhulayo kunye neempembelelo zemfazwe-kubandakanywa nemiqobo-kweminye ibangele urhwebo lokutya lwehlabathi kwisiphithiphithi.Ukuna kwemvula eguquguqukayo ngokunyukayo kunokunciphisa izivuno zaseTshayina kwizityalo eziphambili nge-8% ngo-2030, iWorld Resources Institute iyalumkisa.Izivuno zehlabathi zingawa nge-30% phakathi kwenkulungwane "ngaphandle kokulungelelaniswa okusebenzayo," iZizwe eziManyeneyo zifumene.

INtsebenziswano ephuculweyo

Abasebenzi basezimayini kunye nee-ngos ezibek' esweni nabo bajonge kwintsebenziswano, betyhalwa kukuxhalaba okunyuka kwabathengi malunga namakhonkco obonelelo azinzileyo.“Kubekho utshintsho olukhulu kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo kwiinkampani ezithenga izinto zemigodi,” utsho uAimee Boulanger, umlawuli olawulayo weSeattle-based Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA)."Abenzi beemoto, amatye anqabileyo, abavelisi bamandla omoya bacela ukuba abakhankasi bafuna ntoni na: ingozi encinci kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa."I-IRMA iphicotha ishumi elinesibini lemigodi kwihlabathi jikelele ngefuthe layo kokusingqongileyo, uluntu kunye nabasebenzi.

I-Anglo American liqabane labo eliphambili kwishishini, ngokuzithandela libeka amaziko asixhenxe phantsi kwe-microscope ezinzileyo, ukusuka kwi-nickel e-Brazil ukuya kwiintsimbi zeqela leplatinam eZimbabwe.U-Boulanger ukwagxininisa umsebenzi wakhe kunye nezigebenga ezibini kwi-lithium extraction, SQM kunye ne-Albermarle.Ukuncipha kwamanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwe “brine” yezi nkampani kwintlango ephezulu yaseChile kuye kwabangela ukuba uluntu lubonakale lubi, kodwa luqhubele phambili ishishini eliselula ekufuneni iindlela ezingcono, uthi.“Ezi nkampani zincinci, zizama ukwenza into engazange yenziwe ngaphambili, ziyakubona ukungxamiseka kwelo xesha,” utshilo uBoulanger.

Ulimo lunatyiselwe amagunya njengoko imigodi ibekwe embindini.Oko kwenza ukwanda kwemveliso yokutya kube nzima kwaye kube lula.Kunzima ngakumbi kuba akukho bhodi yabalawuli inokuhlanganisa imali kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuphucula isivuno kwiifama zeentsapho zehlabathi ezimalunga nezigidi ezingama-500.Kulula kuba inkqubela inokuza ngamanyathelo amancinci, ngovavanyo kunye nempazamo, ngaphandle kweebhiliyoni ezininzi zeedola.

Hardier, imbewu eguqulwe ngokwemfuza kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha zigcina imveliso ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, utshilo uHaines weGro Intelligence.Ukuvunwa kwengqolowa kumhlaba wonke kunyuke nge-12% kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, irayisi nge-8%-ngokumalunga nokuhambelana ne-9% yokukhula kwabemi behlabathi.

Imozulu kunye nemfazwe zombini zisongela olu lungelelwaniso olufunyenwe nzima, iingozi ezikhuliswe kugxininiso oluphezulu oluye lwavela kwihlabathi (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi) lorhwebo lwasimahla.I-Russia ne-Ukraine, njengoko sisazi sonke ngoku, ithatha malunga ne-30% yengqolowa yehlabathi ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.Abathengisi abathathu abaphezulu berayisi-i-Indiya, iVietnam kunye neThailand-bathatha isibini kwisithathu semarike.Iinzame zasekhaya akunakwenzeka ukuba zifike kude, ngokutsho kukaHaines.Uthi: “Ukusebenzisa umhlaba omninzi ukuvelisa isivuno esincinane, asiyonto esiyibonileyo leyo.

Ngandlela-thile, ishishini, abatyali-zimali kunye noluntu ngokubanzi luya kuzithathela ingqalelo izinto ezingezo-oyile ukuya phambili.Imveliso yokutya kunye neendleko zinokuguquguquka kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezingaphaya kwamandla ethu (ixesha elifutshane).Ukuvelisa iintsimbi esizidingayo kukhetho loluntu, kodwa elinye ilizwe libonisa uphawu oluncinci lokujongana.“Uluntu kufuneka luthathe isigqibo ngetyhefu oluyifunayo, kwaye lukhululeke ngemigodi emininzi,” utshilo uWood MacKenzie's Kettle.“Okwangoku uluntu luyahanahanisa.”

Ihlabathi ngokunokwenzeka liya kuziqhelanisa, njengoko belinjalo ngaphambili, kodwa kungelula.“Olu aluzukuba lutshintsho olugudileyo,” utshilo uMiller Benchmark Intelligence's Miller.“Iza kuba luhambo olunzima nolunzima kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.”