1. Kuponya Tanthauzo

Kuponyera mbali, wotchedwanso kuponyera, ndi ntchito mitundu yonse ya kuponyera njira kwa zitsulo kupanga zinthu, ndicho zabwino madzi zitsulo smelting, kuponyera, jekeseni, pokoka mpweya kapena njira zina kuponyera mu nkhungu okonzeka, pambuyo yozizira pambuyo akupera ndi zina kutsatira- up processing zikutanthauza, za mawonekedwe, kukula ndi katundu wa zinthu.

2. Kuponya Mbiri

Mapulogalamu oponya ali ndi mbiri yakale.Anthu akale ankagwiritsa ntchito zoumba ndi ziwiya zina pa moyo.

Masiku ano, ma castings amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo opanda kanthu pazigawo zamakina, ndipo ma castings ena olondola atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zida zamakina.

Kuponyera kumatenga gawo lalikulu muzinthu zamakina, monga mathirakitala, kulemera kwa 50 ~ 70% ya kulemera kwa makina onse, makina aulimi amawerengera 40 ~ 70%, zida zamakina, injini zoyatsira mkati, ndi zina zambiri. mpaka 70-90%.

Pakati pa mitundu yonse ya castings, makina castings ALI ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri, mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri komanso mlingo waukulu kwambiri, womwe umawerengera pafupifupi 60% ya kuchuluka kwa kupanga.Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi nkhungu zachitsulo zachitsulo ndi mapaipi a engineering, komanso zida zina pamoyo.

Ma castings amagwirizananso kwambiri ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Mwachitsanzo, zopangira zitseko zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zotsekera zitseko, ma radiator, mapaipi opita kumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje, POTS zachitsulo, mafelemu a sitovu ya gasi, chitsulo, ndi zina zotero, ndizoponyera.

3. Gulu Loponya

Castings ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogawa:

Malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimagawidwa kukhala zitsulo, chitsulo chosungunuka, mkuwa, aluminiyamu, magnesium, zinki, titaniyamu ndi zina zotero.

Mtundu uliwonse wa kuponyera ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kapena metallographic.Mwachitsanzo, kuponyedwa chitsulo akhoza kugawidwa mu imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo, nodular kuponyedwa chitsulo, vermicular kuponyedwa chitsulo, malleable kuponyedwa chitsulo, aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo, etc.

Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kuponyera akamaumba, castings akhoza kugawidwa mu castings wamba mchenga, castings zitsulo, castings kufa, castings centrifugal, castings mosalekeza, castings ndalama, castings ceramic, electroslag remelting castings, castings bimetallic, etc.

Pakati pawo, kuponyera mchenga wamba ndi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuwerengera pafupifupi 80% yazopanga zonse.Ndipo zitsulo zotayidwa, magnesium, zinki ndi zina zosakhala ndi chitsulo, nthawi zambiri zimafa