Nhoroondo yevanhu dzimwe nguva inochinja kamwe kamwe, dzimwe nguva nemanomano.Kutanga kwa2020 kunoratidzika kunge kwakangoerekana kwaitika.Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwave chinhu chaicho chemazuva ese, nekusanaya kwemvura kusati kwamboitika, masaisai ekupisa uye mafashamo anotsvaira pasi rose.Kupinda kweRussia muUkraine kwakaputsa makore anoda kusvika makumi masere ekuremekedza miganhu inobvumwa, uye kwakatyisidzira kutengeserana kwakakura kwakagoneswa neruremekedzo.Hondo yacho yakaganhurira kutumirwa kwezviyo nefetereza zvakatorwa senguva refu, zvichityisidzira nzara kumazana emamiriyoni avanhu vari kure nokurwisana.Kuwedzera kukakavara pakati peChina neUS pamusoro peTaiwan kunosimudza fungidziro yedambudziko repasi rose rinogona kuramba richiwedzera.

Aya machinjo mahombe akawedzera kushushikana, asi zvakare akavhura mikana, muchikamu chehupfumi chisingatarisike nyore munguva dzisina kusimba: zvigadzirwa, kunyanya simbi uye chikafu.Nyika inoita seyakabatana pakukurumidzira kweyepasi-kabhoni tekinoroji senge mota dzemagetsi (EVs) uye simba rinodzokororwa, asi haina kubvuma kuwanda kukuru kwesimbi inozodiwa.Migodhi inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nekuparadza pasi pane kuriponesa-pamwe nekushandisa simba rayo rekushanda uye kuparadza nharaunda dzakapoteredza-asi kudiwa kwemhangura, hwaro hwemakiromita asingaverengeki e "green" wiring, ichapeta ne2035, vatsvakurudzi veS&P Global vanofanotaura. ."Kunze kwekunge kuwanda kutsva kwauya pamhepo nenguva," vanoyambira, "chinangwa chekubudisa net-zero chicharamba chisingasvikike."

Nezvokudya, nyaya yacho haisi kuchinja mukudiwa, asi kupa.Kusanaya kwemvura mune mamwe matunhu akakosha ari kukura uye kukanganisa kwehondo-kusanganisira kuvharika-mune mamwe kwakonzera kutengeserana kwechikafu chepasi rose mumhirizhonga.Kuwedzera kunaya kwemvura kwakashata kunogona kuderedza goho reChina pazvirimwa zvikuru ne8% panosvika 2030, World Resources Institute inoyambira.Zvibereko zvepasi rose zvinogona kudonha 30% nepakati pezana ramakore "pasina kugadzirisa kunoshanda," United Nations yakawana.

Kushandirapamwe Kwakawedzerwa

Vacheri vemigodhi nemangos avo vanovatarisa vari kufambawo vakananga kukushandira pamwe, vachisundwa nevatengi vekupedzisira-kunetseka kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi.“Pave neshanduko huru mumakore maviri apfuura mumakambani anotenga zvinhu zvakacherwa,” anodaro Aimee Boulanger, mukuru mukuru weSeattle-based Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA)."Vagadziri vemotokari, zvishongo, vagadziri vemagetsi emhepo vari kubvunza izvo zvinodikanwa nevaratidziri: kukuvadza kushoma mukubvisa."IRMA iri kuongorora migodhi gumi nembiri pasi rose maererano nezvayakaita panharaunda, nharaunda nevashandi.

Anglo American ndiyo yavanotungamira kambani yavo, vachizvipira kuisa zvivakwa zvinomwe pasi pemakorosikopu, kubva kunickel yekuBrazil kusvika kusimbi dzeplatinamu muZimbabwe.Boulanger anosimbisawo basa rake neaya hofori mbiri mukutora lithium, SQM neAlbermarle.Kupera kwemvura nemashandiro emakambani aya mugwenga guru reChile kwaunza kushambadza kwakashata, asi kwakakanganisa indasitiri yechidiki kutsvaga nzira dziri nani, anopikisa."Makambani madiki aya, ari kuyedza kuita zvisati zvamboitwa, anoziva kukurumidza kwechinguva," Boulanger anodaro.

Zvekurima zvakaganhurwa sezvicherwa zviri pakati.Izvo zvinoita kuti kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwechikafu kuve kwakaoma uye nyore.Zvakaoma nekuti hapana bhodhi revatungamiriri vanogona kuunganidza mari uye tekinoroji inosimudzira goho kumapurazi emhuri anoda kusvika mamirioni mazana mashanu.Zviri nyore nekuti kufambira mberi kunogona kuuya nematanho madiki, nekuedza-uye-kukanganisa, pasina mabhiriyoni emadhora ekuburitsa.

Hardier, mbeu dzakagadziridzwa uye humwe hutsva hunoita kuti kugadzirwa kuwedzere kudzikama, Gro Intelligence's Haines anodaro.Goho regorosi repasi rose rakawedzera nechikamu che12% mumakore gumi adarika, mupunga ne8%—zvichienderana nechikamu che9% chekukura kwevanhu pasi rose.

Mamiriro ekunze nehondo zvese zvinotyisidzira iyi yakaoma-yakakunda kuenzana, njodzi dzinokwidziridzwa nepamusoro-soro dzakaitika munyika (yakawanda kana zvishoma) yemahara-yekutengesa nyika.Russia neUkraine, sezvatinoziva tose, inosvika makumi matatu muzana yegorosi rinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.Vatatu vepamusoro vanotengesa mupunga kunze kwenyika — India, Vietnam neThailand — vanotora zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemusika.Kuedza kwenzvimbo hakugone kusvika kure, sekureva kwaHaines.“Kushandisa minda yakawanda kurima zvirimwa zvishoma, handizvo zvatakaona,” anodaro.

Imwe nzira kana imwe, bhizinesi, vanoisa mari uye veruzhinji vanotora zvisiri zveoiri zvishoma kuti zvireruke kuenda kumberi.Kugadzirwa kwechikafu uye mitengo inogona kuchinjika zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zviri kunze kwekutonga kwedu (kwenguva pfupi).Kugadzira simbi dzatinoda isarudzo yemagariro, asi imwe nyika inoratidza chiratidzo chidiki chekutarisana."Sosaiti inofanirwa kusarudza kuti ichepfu ipi yainoda, uye kugadzikana nemigodhi yakawanda," Wood MacKenzie's Kettle inodaro.“Parizvino nzanga yava nounyengeri.”

Nyika ingangochinja, sezvayakaita kare, asi kwete nyore."Iyi haizove shanduko yakatsetseka," anodaro Miller Benchmark Intelligence's Miller."Ichave rwendo rune matombo uye rwakaoma kwemakore gumi anotevera."